Nazari kan Hadisin Azumin ranar Ashura

(hishamsalisu@ymail.com)

A kokarin Banu Umayyah na rufe hasken Musulunci sun kirkiri tarin Hadisai masu dimbin yawa domin soke darajar Ahlul Baiti (AS), ko kuma bai wa wadanda ba su da daraja tarin darajoji. Daga cikin irin wadannan Hadisai da suka kirkira, akwai Hadisin nan wanda ya yi suna a bakin Malamai, musamman a cikin watan Muharram, wato Hadisin Ashura wanda ake cewa Manzon Allah (S) wai ya yi Azumin Ashura kuma ya yi umurni da a yi.

Aka ce Abdullahi Bin Abbas ya fada cewa, lokacin da Manzon Allah (S) ya zo Madina ya riski Yahudawa suna Azumi a ranar 10 ga Muharram (Ashura), sai ya tambaye su dalilin da ya sa suke Azumi a ranar, suka ce masa saboda Allah ya kubutar da Bani Isra'ila daga hannun Fir'auna ne a irin ranar 10 ga Muharram, shi ya sa Annabi Musa ya azumci ranar su ma suke yi. Sai Manzon Allah (S) ya ce: �Ai mun fi ku kusanci da Musa�. Daga nan sai ya Azumci ranar, ya kuma yi umurni da a yi. (Sahih Bukhari, mujalladi na 3, shafi na 222, Mishkatul Masabih, bugun Delhi 1307BH, shafi na 172).

Abin lura: Mishkatul Masabih ya yi bayanin Manzon Allah (S) ya yi Azumi ne a ranar Ashura a shekara ta biyu bayan Hijira, saboda a shekarar farko ya zo Madina ne a cikin watan Rabi'ul Awwal.

A wata fadar kuma, Ibn Abbas ya fadi cewa, lokacin da Manzon Allah (S) ya yi Azumi a ranar Ashura, kuma ya yi umurni da a yi, sai Sahabbansa suka ce da shi: �Ya Ma'aikin Allah, wannan rana rana ce da Yahudawa da Nasara suka dauka da girma a wajensu�. Manzon Allah (S) ya amsa masu da cewar, insha Allah idan shekara ta zagayo za mu Azumci ranar 9 ga wata. Amma sai Manzo (S) ya rasu kafin shekara ta zagayo. (Sahih Muslim 35, Hadisi na 2528).

Wani Hadisin da ya tafi hanya daban da inda wadannan suka nufa shi ne, Hadisin da Ummul Muminina A�isha ta ambata cewa, Kuraishawa sun kasance suna azumtar ranar 10 ga Muharram kafin bayyanar Musulunci, kuma Manzon Allah ma yana Azumi a ranar. Bayan ya zo Madina ya ci gaba da Azumin kuma ya yi umurni da a yi. Lokacin da Allah Madaukakin Sarki

ya wajabta Azumin Ramadan, sai Manzo ya daina azumin Ashura, ya bar shi a matsayin zabi, in ka so ka yi, in ka so ka daina. (Bukhari mujalladi na 3, littafi na 31, Hadisi na 220).

Mafi yawan �yan uwanmu Ahlus Sunna sun tafi a kan duk Hadisin da ya zo a cikin Bukhari da Muslim sahihi ne, don haka ma suka rada masu suna �Sahihaini�. Mu a wurinmu �yan Shi'a, wannan ba haka yake ba, saboda fadar Allah Madaukakin Sarki: �Shin ba su kula da Alkur�ani kuma da ya kasance daga wanin Allah, hakika da sun samu a cikinsa, sabawa juna mai yawa.� (Alkur�ani 4: 82).

A nan Allah Ta�ala na fada mana cewa, duk wani littafi da ba hannunsa ya fito ba, to tabbas akwai sabani a cikinsa mai yawa. Saboda wannan ne ba ma tsarkake littafanmu, kuma ba mu yarda babu sabani a cikin kowane irin littafi, muddin ba daga wurin Allah yake ba. To, idan haka ne bari mu diba wadannan Hadisai mu gani, sun inganta ko a'a.

Allah Ta'ala yana cewa a cikin littafinsa mai tsarki: �Kada ku kasance kamar wadanda aka bai wa littafi gabanin haka, sai zamani ya yi tsawo a kansu, saboda haka zukatansu suka kekashe, kuma mafi yawa daga cikinsu fasikai ne�. (Alkur�ani 57:16).

Abin lura a nan shi ne, Allah ya yi muna umurni da kada mu kasance kamar (koyi da) Yahudawa, saboda mafi yawansu fasikai ne (suna izgili ga Allah, sun canza Ayoyinsa, sa�annan sun butulce masa bayan ya wadata su da ni'imarsa). Sannan Manzon Allah (S) ya umurce mu da kada mu bar gemu irin yadda mutanen littafi suke bari. Lallai ko Manzon Allah (S) ba zai taba koyi da Yahudawa ba ta kowace irin siga kuwa.

Wani abin da za mu yi la�akari da shi ne; idan muka kalli wadannan Hadisan da kyau za mu ga cewa idan har sun inganta, ya nuna cewa Manzon Allah shekara daya ko biyu ya yi ke nan a Maduna. Alhali kuwa kowa ya san cewa Manzon Allah (S) shekaru 10 ya yi a Madina kafin ya yi wafati. Domin a wancan Hadisin na Ibni Abbas ya nuna cewa Manzon Allah ya yi burin idan shekara ta kewayo zai Azumuci 9 ga wata ne, amma sai kuma kafin shekarar ta kewayo ya yi wafati. Tanakulin da ke cikin wadannan Hadisin suna da yawan gaske.

Wani karin abin lura shi ne, yadda Hadisan suke sabani da junansu ta yadda har akwai Hadisin da aka ce Yahudawa walima suke yi a ranar, sai Manzon Allah (S) ya ce a yi Azumi don a saba masu. (Sahih Bukhari, Hadisi na 1866).

Karin hujjar rashin ingancin wadannan Hadisai ita ce, Jabir Bin Abdullah ya ambata cewa, Khalifa Umar Bin Al-Khattab ya zo da Attaurah gaban Manzon Allah (S) ya ce: �Wannan ita ce Attaurah�, amma Manzo (S) bai amsa masa ba. Sai shi Umar ya fara karanta Attaurah din, take fuskar Manzon Allah (S) ta canza. Sai Khalifa Abubakar ya ce shin ba ka ga fuskar Ma'aikin Allah ba ne? Daga nan Umar ya ce: �Ina rokon afuwa gare ka ya Allah daga fushinka da fushin Annabinka, lallai ne mu mun yi imani da Ubangijinmu shi ne Allah, Musulunci a matsayin addini, da Muhammad a matsayin Manzon Allah�. Sai Manzon Allah (S) ya ce masa: �Na rantse da wanda rayuwar Muhammad take a wurinsa da Musa zai bayyana a gabanka, kuma ka bi shi ka kyale ni, to da tabbas ka tabe; domin ko da Musa na raye (yanzu) ya riske ni a matsayin Manzon Allah, to babu shakka zai bi ni�. (Tirmizi, Hadisi na 194).

Tambaya a nan ita ce, shin Manzon Allah (S) ne ya bi Annabi Musa (AS) ko Annabi Musa (AS) ne ya bi Manzon Allah (S) bisa ga abin da wadancan Hadisai suka nuna?

A hakikanin gaskiya, Yahudawa sun kasance suna da watanninsu. To, ya aka yi suke yin Azumi 10 ga Muharram? A zamanin da ne, gidaje biyu na 'ya�yan Ibrahim (AS) suke kara watanni bakwai a cikin kowadanne shekaru 19, saboda watannin kalanda su yi daidai da kwanaki 365 na zagayowar duniya (irin misalin abin da Bature ke kara kwana daya a Febrairu bayan kowane karni guda), saboda wannan ne ma watan Yahudawa na bakwai wato �TISHRI 1� ya yi daidai da watan Muharram na shekarar Musulunci, wato 10 ga �Tishri 1� na daidai da 10 ga Muharram. Kuma tabbas ba ranar ne Yahudawa suke Azumi ba, saboda fadar littafinsu cewa cikin watan �ABIB� ne Allah Ubangijinku ya kubutar da ku a Misra cikin dare (Deut, 16:1).

Watan �Abib� kuma yana daidai da watan Rajab ne a cikin shekarar Musulunci. Theodore H. Robinson da W.O.E Oesterley sun ambata cewar Rajab (Sic), yana daidai da watan �Abib� na Hebrew. (Hebrew religion S.P.C.K, bugun London a 1955, shafi na 128).

Duk da cewa bayan shekaru tara da yin Hijira, Manzon Allah (S) ya hana kara

kwanaki ko watanni a cikin shekara (wato aka hana intercalating), amma bincike ya tabbatar da cewa, lissafin ya dade da bata a hannun Larabawa, don haka ne ma Muharram na shekara ta biyu bayan Hijira ya fara a ranar 5 ga Yuli shekarar 623 bayan haihuwar Annabi Isah (AS), watanni da yawa kafin �Tishri 1� (wanda kodayaushe yake daidai da Satumba ko Oktoba), wanda da tabbas Yahudawa suna Azumi a ranar 10 ga �Tishri 1� ne, to ba zai kama Muharram ba sai dai Satumba ko Oktoba, wadanda suka yi daidai da Rabi�ul Awwal na waccan shekarar ta

biyu bayan Hijira.

To, tunda bayani ya tabbata karara a littafinsu cewa suna Azumi ne a cikin watan �Abib� shi ma bincike ya nuna zai yi daidai da Maris ko Afrilu, wadanda suka yi daidai da Rajab ko Sha'aban na waccan shekarar ta biyu bayan Hijira.

Hakika shi dai wanda ya kirkiri wadannan Hadisai ya yi la'akari ne kawai da cewa Muharram na daidai da watan 7 a wajen Yahudawa, ba tare da sanin cewa shin suna Azumi 10 ga watan 7 din ko ba sa yi.

Wadannan Hadisan da ma wasu tarin Hadisan misalin a ranar 10 ga Muharram ne Allah ya saukar da jirgin Annabi Nuhu (AS) bisa turba, a ranar ne wuta ta yi sanyi ga Annabi Ibrahim (AS), a ranar ne Allah ya dauke Annabi Isah (AS) zuwa sama, duk kirkirar Banu Umayyah ne domin su rufe gaskiyar abin da ya faru a ranar Ashura (10 ga Muharram) na kashe Dan Manzon Allah (S) a filin dajin hamadar Karbala.

Alhamdu lillahi mun gode wa Allah da ya sada mu da Jagoran gaskiya, wanda ya bayyana mana hakikanin abin da ya faru a ranar Ashura, wato Sayyid Ibraheem Yaqoub Zakzaky (H). Da fatan Allah ya kara masa kariya, kwarjini, haiba da kamala, ya kuma kara fadada kirjinsa, don ya ci gaba da bayyana mana makidodin Banu Umayyah muna ganin wallensu, albarkacin Imam Mahdi (AF).